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高中英语知识手册
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高中英语

易错知识手册

(Part One)

1

目 录

一、动词 .............................................................................................................................................................. 3

易错点 1:一般过去时态 ................................................................................................................................. 3

易错点 2:现在完成时态 ................................................................................................................................. 5

易错点 3:过去完成时态 ................................................................................................................................. 6

易错点 4:被动语态 ......................................................................................................................................... 7

易错点 5:情态动词 ......................................................................................................................................... 8

易错点 6:系动词 ............................................................................................................................................. 9

易错点 7:谓语与非谓语 ............................................................................................................................... 10

二、名词 ............................................................................................................................................................ 12

易错点 8:名词单复数形式误判 ................................................................................................................... 12

易错点 9:专有名词 ....................................................................................................................................... 14

易错点 10:名词所有格................................................................................................................................. 14

易错点 11:名词辨析..................................................................................................................................... 15

三、形容词&副词........................................................................................................................................ 17

易错点 12:形容词比较级最高级 ................................................................................................................. 17

易错点 13:形容词副词辨析......................................................................................................................... 18

四、代词 ............................................................................................................................................................ 21

易错点 14:物主代词..................................................................................................................................... 21

易错点 15:反身代词..................................................................................................................................... 21

易错点 16:不定代词..................................................................................................................................... 22

五、数词 ............................................................................................................................................................ 26

易错点 17:数词误用..................................................................................................................................... 27

2

一、动词

易错点 1:一般过去时态

谓语:did

时间状语:yesterday, last month, last year, at that time, just now, the other day, two days ago, in 2019

用法:

1)表示过去某一段时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。

The live basketball match was broadcast last night.

2)表示过去经常、反复发生的动作。

His mother got up early as usual.

易错不规则变化动词:

动词原形 过去式 过去分词 词义

burn burnt burnt 燃烧

deal dealt dealt 解决;处理;分配

hang hung hung 绞死,悬挂

light lit lit 点燃, 照亮

send sent sent 送

dig dug dug 挖掘

feed fed fed 喂养;饲养

flee fled fled 逃避;逃跑

find found found 发现,找到

hold held held 拥有;把握

lead led led 引导;领导

stick stuck stuck 刺入;粘住

strike struck struck 撞击;冲击;罢工

sweep swept swept 扫

weep wept wept 哭泣;流泪

lay laid laid 下蛋, 放置

blow blew blown 吹风;喘气;叫

drive drove driven 驾驶

draw drew drawn 画画;拖拽

fall fell fallen 落下;跌倒

forbid forbade forbidden 禁止;不许

give gave given 给;提供;授予

3

grow grew grown 生长;种植

know knew known 知道

overeat overate overeaten (使)吃过量

prove proved proven 证明, 试验

throw threw thrown 抛,扔,掷

ride rode ridden 骑;乘车

shake shook shaken 摇动;震动

choose chose chosen 选择

hide hid hidden 隐藏

forget forgot forgotten 忘记;忽略

freeze froze frozen 冷冻;结冰

steal stole stolen 偷窃;窃取;偷盗

begin began begun 开始

drink drank drunk 喝

sing sang sung 唱

sink sank sunk 下沉, 沉没

swim swam swum 游泳

ring rang rung 戒指;环围

bear bore born 负担, 忍受

fly flew flown 飞行

lie lay(lied) lain(lied) 躺;位于(说谎)

wear wore worn 穿

bite bit bitten 咬;刺痛

tear tore torn 流泪;撕破;猛冲

【经典例题】

Picking up her “Lifetime Achievement” award, proud Irene ________ (declare) she had no plans to retire from her

36-year-old business.

【易错分析】

本句的难点在于句中没有明确的时间状语,根据后半句 he had no plans to retire from her 36-year-old

business 可得知动作发生在过去,动作在过去开始在过去结束,且对现在没有影响,使用一般过去时态,

答案填 declared。

【经典例题】

The unmanned Chang’e-4 probe --the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess-- ________

(touch) down last week in the South Pole-Aitken basin.

4

【易错分析】

通过时间状语 last week 可以判断出动作发生在过去,且原句没有谓语动词,所以填写动词 touched,

本句容易误认为是非谓语动词,导致理解出错。动词题解题第一步需要判断句子的完整性,然后结合时间

状语和句意综合判断,得出答案。

易错点 2:现在完成时态

谓语:have/has done

时间状语:since+时间点,for+时间段,recently,so far, by now, up to now, in/during/over the past/last few

days ,already, yet, lately, never, ever, before, since, then 等

用法:

1)动作发生在过去,对现在造成影响或结果。

The friendly relations and cooperation between our two states have been enhanced in the past few years.

2)动作从过去某时开始延续至今的动作和状态。这时只能用延续性动词,

常与 for, since 等引导的时间状语连用。

I have travelled to most of the cities in America since five years ago.

3)在时间状语从句和条件状语从句中,用现在完成时代替将来完成时。

You shouldn’t leave school before you’ve finished your assignment.

4)用于固定句型中,如:

This is the first/second/…time that…(这是….第一/二/…次…….)

It has been+时间段+since 从句 (从句常用一般过去时)

现在完成 VS 一般过去

一般过去时仅指动作在过去发生了,对现在没有影响。

现在完成时的动作虽然发生在过去,但对现在有影响。

【经典例题】

The number of medical schools reached 18 in the early 1990s and ________ around that level ever since.

A. are remaining B. have remained

C. is remaining D. has remained

【易错分析】

句意:20 世纪 90 年代初,医学院的数量达到了 18 所,此后一直保持在这个水平。根据时间状语 ever

5

since 可知,此处应用现在完成时。句子主语为 The number of medical schools,为单数名词,谓语动词应用

单数形式,故选 D。对现在完成时态的时间状语不够熟悉容易导致解题出错。ever since, so far,

during/in/over/for the past/last+时间段和 recently 等时间状语均是现在完成时的标志词。

易错点 3:过去完成时态

谓语:had done

时间状语:常与过去完成时连用的时间状语:

by the end of last week, by that time, before that year, before I arrived

用法:

1)表示在过去某一时刻或动作之前已完成的动作,即“过去的过去”。

By the end of yesterday, we had received over 100 letters from all over the world.

2)表示动作从过去某一时间开始,一直延续到过去另一时间的动作,常用时间状语有 by/until/before/by the

end of+表过去的某一时间。

I closed the window before I left the room.

3)固定结构:

That/It was the first/second/…time+ that 从句(从句用过去完成时)

It was/had been+时间段+since 从句中(从句用过去完成时)

hardly + had sb done (过去完成时态半倒装)+ when… done(一般过去时)…. 一…就

no sooner + had sb done(过去完成时态半倒装) +when….done(一般过去时) 刚….就

Hardly had his sister heard the terrible news when she burst into tears.

【经典例题】

In the 1950s in the USA,most families had just one phone at home,and wireless phones _______ yet.

A. haven’t invented B. haven’t been invented

C. hadn’t invented D. hadn’t been invented

【易错分析】

句意:二十世纪五十年代在美国,绝大多数家庭只有一部电话,无线电话还没有发明出来。句中 invent

与主语 phones 构成动宾关系,要用被动语态;invent 的动作发生在谓语动词 had 之前,是过去的过去,要

用过去完成时态的被动语态。故选 D。

6

易错点 4:被动语态

英语的被动语态体现在动词的变化上。一般说来,只有及物动词能用于被动语态,常见不用于被动语态的

动词(短语)有:

1)1.不及物动词(短语),如 happen,occur, take place, break out 等

2.归属类动词(短语),如 belong to, have, own

3.last,look like 等动词短语表示状态或情况,不表示动作时,不用于被动语态

4.系动词,如 appear, seem, become, keep

2)不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语在变为被动时要加上 to

常见动词有 make, let, have, hear, watch, see, feel, notice, help

主动:I heard her move about in her room upstairs last night.

被动:She was heard to move about in her room upstairs last night.

3)主动形式表示被动意义

sth want(s), need(s), require(s)+doing 表示某事需要被做

sth be worth doing 表示某事值得被做

The flower want watering.

感官动词主语是物时:sound, taste, smell, feel, look

The ice-cream tastes good.

一些不及物动词,表示主语本身所具有的性能时。

常见动词有:open, close, shut, read, write, wash, wear, sell.

The shoes wears comfortably.

【经典例题】

We live in a beautiful cottage with a yard,which ______ 20 feet from side to side.

A. measures B. is measured

C. measured D. has been measured

【易错分析】

句意:我们住在一个美丽的带院子的别墅,从一边到另一边有 20 英尺宽。measure 此处是主动形式表

被动,表示某物量起来或者测量结果为…长、宽、高。此处用主动的形式描述主语本身的性质,用一般现

在时,且无被动。故选择 A。

7

易错点 5:情态动词

情态动词本身有一定的意义,表示说话人的情绪、态度或语气的动词;

情态动词没有人称和数的变化,不能单独做谓语,只能和动词原形一起构成谓语。

情态动词的特殊用法及易错点:

must

must 表示“必须,一定”,其否定形式 mustn’t 表示“禁止”

在回答 must 引起的一般疑问句时,否定答句用 needn’t 或 don’t have to

Must we turn in our plan this week?

Yes, you must.

No, you needn’t/don’t have to.

must 表示“偏偏,非得”

Why must it rain on Sunday? 为什么偏要在星期天下雨呢?

Shall 和 should

Shall 的用法:

征求对方意见或请求,用于第一、三人称的疑问句中。

Shall we begin our class?

用于第二三人称,表示说话人给对方的许诺、命令、警告、威胁等。

You shall be punished for what you’ve done.你会为你所做的受到惩罚的。

用于第三人称,在条约、规定、法令等文件中表示义务或规定,意为“应,必须”

All payments shall be made in cash.所有支付均必须使用现金。

【经典例题】

— I’m afraid I may not be able to enter the lecture hall.

— Don’t worry. You ________ have the ticket for the lecture.

A. shall B. can

C. should D. may

【易错分析】:

— 我恐怕不能进入报告厅了。

—不要担心。你会拿到演讲的票的。

8

A. shall 将要;B. can 能够;C. should 应该;D. may 可能,shall 用于第二、三人称,表示说话人给对方命

令、警告、允诺或威胁,所以这里表示“允诺”,故选 A。

Should 特殊用法

表示按常理、经验进行的推测,意为“按道理说应该”

We’ve got everything ready. There should be no problem.

表示惊讶、难以置信或不应该发生某事,意为“竟然”。

The man should be so rude to a lady. 这个男人竟然对女士那么粗鲁。

should have done 过去本该做而没做

Shouldn’t have done 过去不该做而实际做了。

Lisa shouldn’t have done all the work within one day. There was still time.

易错点 6:系动词

常见系动词有以下四类:

1.be 动词:am, is are. was, were

2.表示“变化”的动词:become, come, get, go, grow, turn

3.感官动词:look, sound, smell, taste, feel

4.某些延续性动词:keep, remain, stay

【经典例题】

The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which ________ saved for other purposes.

A. is B. are

C. was D. were

【易错分析】

句意:工厂使用了原材料的 65%,剩下的有其他用途。the rest 作主语时,若指代可数名词,谓语动词

用复数;若指代不可数名词,谓语动词用单数,根据句意 the rest of which 中 which 指代的是复数名词 raw

materials,故谓语动词用复数形式,前后时态要保持一致,由 used 可知答案选 D。

【经典例题】

By boat is the only way to get here, which is _______ we arrived.

A. where B. when

C. why D. how

9

【易错分析】

句意:乘船是我们到达那里的唯一方法,我们就是这样到达这里的。分析句子的结构可知,is 后面为

一个表语从句,结合句意可知,此处强调到达的方式,所以用 how 来引导。where 表示地点,when 表示时

间,而 why 表示原因,均不符合句子的语境。本题找准系动词是解题关键。

【经典例题】

The university estimates that living expenses for international students ________ around $ 8,450 a year which

________ a burden for some of them.

A. are;is B. are;are

C. is;are D. is;is

【易错分析】

句意:大学估计,国际学生的生活费用大概是一年 8450 美金,对一部分同学来说是一个负担。第一空

的主语是前面 living expenses 是一个复数名词,用 are。第二空中是由 which 引导的一个非限制性定语从句,

which 指代前面“生活费用高”这件事,故此处谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。

易错点 7:谓语与非谓语

1)判断谓语和非谓语

一个句子无论是主句还是从句,必须要有谓语,一般而言,若空格所在的句子中无其他动词,则本题

考查谓语动词,谓语动词的解题要考虑时态语态和主谓一致;若句中找到了谓语动词( 体现时态变化的

动词是谓语,有情态动词、助动词出现的动词是谓语),而又找不到用来连接谓语动词或句子的连词(并

列连词或从句连接词),则所给动词一定用作非谓语动词。

【经典例题】

1.________(drive) to the suburbs, fishing in a lake or enjoying the singing bird will make for a perfect weekend in

spring.

2.________(drive) to tour the area, and you’ll have much freedom for your schedule.

【易错分析】

1.句子的谓语是“will make”,因此空处填非谓语动词,与后面的 fishing 和 enjoying 是并列关系,应用动词

drive 的-ing 形式。答案:Driving。

2.根据句意并分析句子结构可知,这是“祈使句+and+陈述句”句式,所以空处要用 drive 的动词原形作谓语,

构成祈使句。答案:Drive。

【经典例题】

10

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